etely determined to get out of Germany. Von Hindenburg was dead. The last vestige of constitutionalism had disappeared as the office of President of the German Republic was abolished and Hitler named himself Fuhrer. He was now more powerful than any German Emperor had ever been, and more obsessed by lust of conquest than old Frederick Barbarossa.
The Nazi movement had gathered such momentum that Bernhard could see no hope of stopping it short of bloody catastrophe. This is not to say that he foresaw the future clearly in all its Wagnerian tragedy. He did not. But neither did he believe for a moment that the Third Reich would last a thousand years, or fifty for that matter. Even if it did he could not conceive of living in a land of government by terror. And despite the military tradition of his family and h is own creed of loyalty, he had not the conscience to become, as conscription would soon compel him to, part of a military machine dedicated to conquest.
Had he been older and his character more hardened by adversity he might have considered remaining to oppose the regime, hopeless as opposition seemed. Even so, open dissent was impossible, and he had neither the talent nor the taste for conspiracy. In addition, the only organized underground resistance was the Communist Party, which was equally distasteful to him.The only solution was self-exile.
Bernhard did not burn all his bridges immediately. As a first step he got a job in the Paris office of I.G.Farben, the great German chemical combine. Though his training had been in law, he was fascinated by industry and finance, and thought that his talents lay in this direction. Which proved to be the case.
In Paris Bernhard threw all his energy into his new career. He says that he wanted to prove that it was not nepotism that got him the job. But the truth is that by now he was so geared to high-pressure work that he could not have done otherwise. Also, the more he learned about business the more interested he became.
Though his working hours were from 8 am to 7 pm he was among the first to reach the office in the morning and the last to leave at night. In addition he took a course in shorthand and typing in the evening or during his lunch-hour, munching a sandwich while he worked. “They were mad for garlic in that school,” he says. “I have never smelt anything like it. I started eating it in self-defence and learned to like it very much. I still do, though my family is not quite in agreement with me.”
I.G.Farben’s Paris manager, Dr Passarge, soon recognized Bernhard as executive material and sent him on a training course through the various departments. In the sales department he really found his metier. He negotiated several barter deals with French Indo-China - rice for chemicals - and took part in various other selling campaigns. It gave him a chance to use all his talents - financial acuteness, ability to think fast, persuasiveness, and that God-given charm of which he was completely aware. He did so well that Dr Passarge said, “If you don’t do something stupid you’ll be a manager by the time you’re thirty.” A little later he got the same promise in writing.
In Paris Bernhard lived in the luxurious house of his uncle and aunt by marriage, Count and Countess Paul de Kotzebue. The Countess was an American, Allene Tew, whose first husband had been Anson Wood Berther, an executive of General Electric from whom she inherited a fine old-fashioned American fortune. Countess Kotzebue doted on Bernhard, Princess Armgard says, “She spoiled him terribly. All her cars were his to drive. She never refused him anything he asked. His wish was literally her command. The Kotzebues had no children, and she regarded him as a son.”
Bernhard, who always returned affection in full measure, was completely devoted to “Aunt Allene,” and equally willing to gratify her wishes. Count Kotzebue says that many years later, when the Countess was dying at Nice, Bernhard drove all the way from Soestdijk to see her once more. “Though my wife seemed to be unconscious,” he said, “she recognized his horn in the courtyard and said, ‘That’s my Bernilo come to see me.’ ”
It is not to be supposed that the life of a bachelor prince in Paris was a social blank. No matter how hard Bernhard worked he always had energy left for fun. He was invited to a great many parties and went to most of them. He was a great favourite in the embassies, with one exception. “Soon after I began working for I.G.Farben [see note below],” he says, “ the German Ambassador sent a man to ask me if I would join the organization of Germans living abroad. It was, of course, a party organization, so I said, ‘No’. They gave me no further trouble, but I was never invited to the German Embassy.”
However, the Belgian Ambassador, Count van Kerckhoven, was especially friendly. He had been Ambassador to Berlin when Bernhard was a student there and had been “awfully nice” to him. Their friendship continued in Paris. Though Bernhard had only an hour off at noon, the Ambassador often invited him for lunch and arranged things so that the meal was served the moment he arrived and protocol dispensed with, so that he could eat and run back to his job.
At one of these luncheons late in 1935 Bernhard found himself seated next do Dr Loudon, the Dutch Minister to Portugal, whom he also knew quite well. The conversation turned to the Winter Olympics at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, where Bernhard planned to go during his winter holidays. Dr Loudon told him that Queen Wilhelmina and her daughter, Princess Juliana, also planned to go to the Olympics. “They will be staying at Igls, just over the mountain,” he said. “Perhaps you would like to call Her Majesty’s aide-de-camp and arrange to pay them a courtesy visit.”
“Thank you, I believe I will,” Bernhard said. “It might be amusing.”
Preceding extract from:
Hatch, Alden, 'H. R. H. Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands; an authorized biography'.
Subject : Bernhard Leopold, consort of Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands,
Harrap, 1962.
Notes:
A celebration was held at the Petersburg Hotel in 1937 with top Nazis and the IG Farben board and friends to celebrate 'Nazification'.
I.G. Farben paid the SS three marks a day for unskilled concentration camp workers and four marks a day for skilled. For child labour they paid the SS 1.5 marks a day.
Bernhard and IG Farben background explored
Excerpted from the book Murder by Injection by Eustace Mullins, chapter 10: by Eustace Mullins
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Many American conservatives believe as a matter of faith that the Rockefellers and the Council on Foreign Relations exercise absolute control over the government and the people of United States . This thesis can be accepted as a working formula if one remains conscious of the larger issues . Two writers for whom the present writer has great respect, Dr. Emanuel Josephson and Morris Bealle, insisted on focusing on the Rockefellers and excluding all other aspects of the World Order . This severely limited the effect of their otherwise ground breaking work on the Medical Monopoly.
This writer advanced a contrary view in ``The World Order,'' fixing upon the Rothschild monetary power, which reached a point of world control by 1885, and its London policy group, the Royal Institute of International Affairs, as the policy makers for what has essentially been since 1900, re-established colonial government in the United States. The colonial, or occupation, government, functions primarily through the Council on Foreign Relations, but only as the subsidiary of RIIA and through the Rockefeller Foundation which controls government functions, the educational establishments, the media, the religions and the state legislatures.
It is true that the American colonials have ``free elections,'' in which they have the absolute right to vote for one of two opposing candidates, both of whom have been handpicked and financed by the Rockefeller syndicate. This touching evidence of ``democracy'' serves to convince most Americana that we are indeed a free people. We even have a cracked Liberty Bell in Philadelphia to prove it. American youth have been free since 1900 to be marched off to die in Hegelian wars in which both combatants received their instructions from the World Order. We are free to invest in a stock market in which the daily quantity, price and value of the monetary unit is manipulated and controlled by a Federal Reserve System which is answerable only to the Bank of England. It has maintained its vaunted ``independence'' from our government's control, but this is the only independence it has ever had.
The realization that we do indeed live under the dictates of the ``Rockefeller Syndicate'' can well be the starting point of the long road back of a genuine struggle for American independence. In exposing ``the Rockefellers'' as agents of a foreign power, which is not merely a foreign power, but a genuine world government, we must realize that this is not merely a group dedicated to making money, but a group which is committed to maintaining the power of a colonial form of government over the American people. Thus the ancient calumny of John D. Rockefeller as a man obsessed by greed (a category in which he has plenty of company) obscures the act that from the day the Rothschilds began to finance his march towards a total oil monopoly in the United States from their coffers at the National City Bank of Cleveland, Rockefeller was never an independent power, nor does any department of the Rockefeller Syndicate operate as an independent power. We know that the Cosa Nostra, or Mafia, with which the Syndicate is closely allied, has somewhat autonomous power in the regions which have been assigned to that particular ``family'' by the national directors, but this always implies that that family remains under total control and answerable for everything which occurs in its territory.
Similarly, the Rockefeller Syndicate operates under clearly defined spheres of influence. The ``charitable'' organizations, the business companies, and the policy groups, always meld into a working operation, nor can any department of the Syndicate strike out on its own or formulate an independent policy, no matter what may be its justification.
The Rockefeller Syndicate operates under the control of the world financial structure, which means that on any given day, all of its assets could be rendered close to worthless by adroit financial manipulation. This is the final control, which ensures that no one can quit the organization. Not only would he be stripped of all assets, but he would be under contract for immediate assassination. Our Department of Justice is well aware that the only ``terrorists'' operating in the United States are the agents of the World Order, but they prudently avoid any mention of this fact.
The world financial structure, far from being an unknown or hidden organization, is actually well known and well defined. It consists of the major Swiss Banks; the survivors of the old Venetian-Genoese banking axis; the Big Five of the world grain trade; the British combine, centered in the Bank of England and its chartered merchant banks, functioning trough the Rothschilds and the Oppenheimers and having absolute control over their Canadian colony through the Royal Bank of Canada and the Bank of Montreal, their Canadian lieutenants being the Bronfmans, Belzbergs, and other financial operators; and the colonial banking structure in the United States, controlled by the Bank of England through the Federal Reserve System; the Boston Brahmin families who made their fortunes in the opium trade, including the Delanos and others and the Rockefeller Syndicate, consisting of the Kissinger network headquartered in the Rockefeller Bank, Chase Manhattan Bank, American Express, the present form of the old Rothschild representatives in the United States, which includes Kuhn, Loeb Company and Lehman Brothers.
It is notable that the Rockefeller Syndicate is far down on the list of the world's financial structure. Why then is it of such importance ? Although it is not the crucial factor in financial decision in the Western Hemisphere, it is the actual working control mechanism of the American colony. The Rockefeller family themselves, like the Morgans, Schiffs and Warburgs, have faded into insignificance, but the mechanism created in their name roars along at full power, still maintaining all of he functions for which it was organized. Since he set up the Trilateral Commission, David Rockefeller has functioned as a sort of international courier for the World Order, principally concerned with delivering working instructions to the Communist bloc, either directly, in New York or by traveling to the area. Laurance Rockefeller is active in the operation of the Medical Monopoly, but his principal interests are in operating various vacation spas in tropical areas. They are the two survivors of the ``Fortunate Five,'' the five sons of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and Abby Aldrich. John D.
Rockefeller, Jr. died in an institution in Tucson, Arizona and was hastily cremated. John D. Rockefeller III died in a mysterious accident on a New York Parkway near his home. Nelson Rockefeller, named after his grandfather, died in the arms of a TV journalist; it was later revealed that he had also been in the arms of another TV journalist at the same time; the death was hushed le his assistant,
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Year Plan. A business associate, Richard Krebs, later testified before the House
Un-American Activities Committee, ``The I.G.
Farbenindustrie, I know from personal experience, was already, in 1934,
completely in the hands of the Gestapo.'' This was a misstatement; the I.G.
Farben had merely allied itself with the Gestapo.
In 1924 Krupp Industries was in serious financial difficulty; the firm was saved
by a $10 million cash loan from Hallgarten & Company and Goldman Sachs, two of
Wall Street's best known firms. The planned re-armament of Germany was able to
proceed only after Dillon Read floated $100 million of German bonds on Wall
Street for that purpose. It was hardly surprising that at the conclusion of the
Second World War, General William Draper was appointed Economic Czar of Germany,
being named head of the Economic Division of the Allied Military Government. He
was a partner of Dillon Read.
In 1939 Frank Howard, a vice-president of Standard Oil visited Germany. He later
testified, #147;We did our best to work out complete plans for a modus vivendi
which would operate throughout the term of the war, whether we came in or not.''
At this time American I.G. had on its board of directors Charles Mitchell,
president of the National City Bank, the Rockefeller bank, Carl Bosch, Paul
Warburg, Herman Schmitz and Schmitz' nephew, Max Ilgner.
Although his name is hardly known, Frank Howard was for many years a key figure
in Standard Oil operations as director of its research and its international
agreements. He also was chairman of the research committee at Sloan Kettering
Institute during the 1930s; his appointee at Sloan Kettering, Dusty Rhoads,
headed the experimentation in the development of chemotherapy. During the Second
World War Rhoads headed the Chemical Warfare Service in Washington at U.S. Army
Headquarters. It was Frank Howard who had persuaded both Alfred Sloan and
Charles Kettering of General Motors in 1939 to give their fortunes to the Cancer
Center, which then took on their names . A member of the wealthy Atherton
family, Frank Howard (1891-1964) had married a second time, his second wife
being a leading member of the British aristocracy, the Duchess of Leeds. The
first Duke of Leeds was titled in 1694, Sir Thomas Osborne, who was one of the
key conspirators in the overthrow of King James II and the seizure of the throne
of England by William III in 1688. Osborne had made peace with Holland during
the reign of King Charles II, and singlehandedly promoted the marriage of Mary,
daughter of the Duke of York, to William of Orange in 1677. The Dictionary of
National Biography notes that Osborne ``for five years managed the House of
Commons by corruption and enriched himself.'' He was impeached by King Charles
II for treasonous negotiations with King Louis XIV and imprisoned in the Tower
of London from 1678 to 1684. After his release, he again became active in the
conspiracy to bring in William of Orange as King of England and secured the
crucial province of York for him. William then created him Duke of Leeds. The
placing of William on the throne of England made it possible for the
conspirators to implement the crucial step in their plans, setting up the Bank
of England in 1694. This enabled the Amsterdam bankers to gain control of the
wealth of the British Empire. Osborne's biography also notes that he was later
accused of Jacobite intrigues and was impeached for receiving a large bribe to
procure the charter for the East India Company in 1695, but ``the proceedings
were not concluded''. It was further noted that he ``left a large fortune''.
The 11th Duke of Leeds was Minister to Washington from 1931 to 1935, Minister to
the Holy See from 1936 to 1947, that is, throughout the Second World War. One
branch of the family married into the Delano family, becoming relatives of
Franklin Delano Roosevelt . A cousin, Viscount Chandos, was a prominent British
official, serving in the War Cabinet under Churchill from 1942 to 1945, later
becoming a director of the Rothschild firm, Alliance Assurance, and Imperial
Chemical Industries.
Frank Howard was the key official in maintaining relations between Standard Oil
and I.G. Farben. He led in the development of synthetic rubber, which was
crucial to Germany in the Second World War; he later wrote a book, ``Buna
Rubber''. He also was the consultant to the drug firm, Rohm and Haas,
representing the Rockefeller connection with that firm. In his later years, he
resided in Paris, but continued to maintain his office at 30 Rockefeller Center,
New York.
Walter Teagle, the president of Standard Oil, owned 500,000 shares of American
I.G., these shares later becoming the basis of the Teagle Foundation. Herman
Metz, who was also a director of American I.G., was president of H.A. Metz
Company, New York, a drug firm wholly owned by I.G.
Farben of Germany. Francis Garvan, who had served as Alien Property Custodian
during the First World War, knew many secrets of I.G. Farben's operations. He
was prosecuted in 1929 to force him to remain silent. The action was brought by
the Department of Justice through Attorney General Merton Lewis, the former
counsel for Bosch Company. John Krim, former counsel for the German Embassy in
the United States, testified that Senator John King had been on the payroll of
the Hamburg American Line for three years at a salary of fifteen thousand
dollars a year; he appointed Otto Kahn as treasurer of his election fund. Homer
Cummings, who had been Attorney General for six years, then became counsel for
General Aniline and Film at a salary of $100,000 a year. During the Second World
War, GAF was supposedly owned by a Swiss firm; it came under considerable
suspicion as an ``enemy'' concern and was finally taken over by the United
States government. John Foster Dulles had been director of GAF from 1927 to
1934; he was also a director of International Nickel, which was part of the
network of I.G. Farben firms. Dulles was related to the Rockefeller family
through the Avery connection. He was attorney for the organization of a new
investment firm, set up by Avery Rockefeller, in 1936 which was called
Schröder-Rockefeller Company. It combined operations of the Schröder Bank,
Hitler's personal bank and the Rockefeller interests. Baron Kurt von Schröder
was one of Hitler's closest confidantes, and a leading officer of the SS. He was
head of the Keppler Associates, which funneled money to the SS for leading
German Corporations. Keppler was the official in charge of Industrial Fats
during Göring's Four Year Plan, which was launched in 1936.
American I.G. changed its name to General Aniline and Film during the Second
World War, but it was still wholly owned by I.G. Chemie of Switzerland, a
subsidiary of I.G. Farben of Germany. It was headed by Gadow, brother-in-law of
Herman Schmitz. I.G. Farben's international agreements directly affected the
U.S. war effort, because they set limits on U.S. supplies of magnesium,
synthetic rubber and, crucial medical supplies. The director of I.G. Farben's
dyestuffs division, Baron George von Schnitzler, was related to the powerful von
Rath family, the J.H. Stein Bankhaus which held Hitler's account and the von
Mallinckrodt family, the founders of the drug firm in the United States. Like
other I.G. officials, he had become an enthusiastic supporter of the Hitler
regime. I.G. Farben gave four and a half million reichsmarks to the Nazi Party
in 1933; by 1945, I.G. had given the Party 40 million reichsmarks, a sum which
equaled all contributions by I.G. to all other recipients during that period.
One scholar of the Nazi era, Anthony Sutton, has focussed heavily on German
supporters of Hitler, while ignoring the crucial role played by the Bank of
England and its Governor, Sir Montague Norman, in financing the Nazi regime.
Sutton's position on this problem may have been influenced by the fact that he
is British. In view of the outspoken statements from Adolf Hitler about Jewish
influence in Germany, it would be difficult to explain the role of I.G. Farben
in the Nazi era. Peter Hayes' definitive study of I.G. Farben shows that in 1933
it had ten Jews on its governing boards. We have previously pointed out that
I.G., from its inception was a Rothschild concern, formulated by the House of
Rothschild and implemented through its agents, Max Warburg in Germany and
Standard Oil in the US.
Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands joined the SS during the early 1930s. He then
joined the board of an I.G. subsidiary, Farben Bilder, from which he took the
name of his postwar supersecret policy making group, the Bilderbergers. Farben
executives played an important role in organizing the Circle of Friends for
Heinrich Himmler, although it was initially known as Keppler's Circle of
Friends, Keppler being the chairman of an I.G. subsidiary. His nephew, Fritz J.
Kranefuss, was the personal assistant to Heinrich Himmler. Of the forty members
of the Circle of Friends, which provided ample funds for Himmler, eight were
executives of I.G. Farben or of its subsidiaries.
Despite the incredible devastation of most German cities from World War II air
bombings, the I.G. Farben building in Frankfort, one of the largest buildings
there, miraculously survived intact. A large Rockefeller mansion in Frankfort
also was left untouched by the war, despite the saturation bombing. Frankfort
was the birthplace of the Rothschild family. It was hardly coincidental that the
postwar government of Germany, Allied Military Government, should set up its
offices in the magnificent I.G. Farben building. This government was headed by
General Lucius Clay, who later became a partner of Lehman Brothers bankers in
New York. The Political Division was headed by Robert Murphy, who would preside
at the Nüremberg Trials, where he was successful in glossing over the
implication of I.G.
Farben officials and Baron Kurt von Schröder. Schröder was held a short time
in a detention camp and then set free to return to his banking business. The
Economic Division was headed by Lewis Douglas, son of the founder of Memorial
Cancer center in New York, president of Mutual Life and director of General
Motors. Douglas was slated to become U.S. High Commissioner for Germany, but he
agreed to step aside in favor of his brother-in-law, John J. McCloy. By an
interesting circumstance, Douglas, McCloy and Chancellor Konra
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